New strategy for expression of recombinant hydroxylated human-derived gelatin in Pichia pastoris KM71

Gelatin is a well-known biopolymer, and it has a long history of use mainly as a gelling agent in the food industry. This paper reports a new method for producing recombinant hydroxylated human-derived gelatin in Pichia pastoris KM71. Three independent expression cassettes encoding for specific length of gelatin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H, EC 1.14.11.2), α-subunit (αP4H), and protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) were individually cloned in one expression vector, pPIC9K. The modified gelatin gene and two subunit genes of P4H were under the control of two different inducible promoters, namely, alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (PAOX1) and formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter (PFLD1), respectively. The results of sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis show that a recombinant gelatin was successfully expressed in P. pastoris KM71 by methanol induction. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analysis indicates that the expressed gelatin was hydroxylated with approximately 66.7% of proline residues in the Y positions of Gly-X-Y triplets. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of recombinant gelatin test show that the (1)H and (13)C spectra have many corresponding characteristic displacement peaks, and amino acids composition analysis shows that it contains hydroxyproline and its UV absorption is consistent with the characteristics of gelatin.     

四川省水土流失动态监测刍议

 为探讨省级水土流失动态监测问题,就四川省水土流失动态监测的目的意义、原则、目标、内容与方法进行初步讨论。认为要搞好四川省水土流失动态监测,必须加强水土流失监测的网络体系、技术体系和指标体系“三大理论体系”建设,在此基础上,建立全省水土保持信息管理系统,做到及时、准确地监测、预测和预报水土流失,为有关部门决策服务。     

干旱缺水地区森林植被蒸散耗水研究

 系统总结近年来在宁夏固原六盘山、北京延庆等干旱缺水地区进行的森林植被蒸散耗水研究结果。乔、灌、草作为土壤水分限制型生态系统的坡面植被,蒸散都是水分平衡的最大分项,其中植被蒸腾又是蒸散的最大分项。植被蒸散量一般表现为高大乔木林>亚乔木林>灌木林>自然草地,但人工草地>自然草地。可依坡面产水功能将不同植被分类,自然草地和灌丛为水源生产型,亚乔木林为水源平衡型,高大乔木林和人工草地为水源消耗型。植株密度不是坡面植被蒸散大小的决定性因子,其作用更多的是调控蒸腾量及其占蒸散比例。虽然降低植株密度一般会减小蒸散,但并不是相同比例地线性下降,不同植被类型反应也不一样,表现出降低密度减少蒸散的作用从乔木、亚乔木到灌木而变弱的趋势,降低密度减少蒸散的作用是有限的。对降低密度减少蒸散的作用大小,作为调控措施的有效性,有效的密度调控范围等,还需严格的对比实验和理论研究。估计和评价植被蒸散耗水时,用叶面积指数或叶生长量指标可能比密度更符合生物学逻辑。从在干旱缺水地区建立节水、稳定、高效、多功能的坡面植被的角度而言,草地和灌丛的蒸散低于乔木林,建立稀树草原或稀树灌丛式的植被可能更利于流域产水和植被稳定。从小流域管理的角度而言,还需考虑在土壤水分承载力空间差异的基础上,探讨能兼顾产水功能、水土保持、水源涵养、植被稳定的植被空间优化配置的理论和技术。     

四种土壤管理方式对李园土壤微生物和土壤酶的影响

通过2003~2004两年的试验发现,刈割覆盖、刈割压埋、畜粪还园三处理纤维分解菌和硅酸盐细菌的数量均明显高于清耕处理(对照),且两种微生物数量均以夏季最多,秋季次之,春季再次,冬季最少。前三处理蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维分解酶、多酚氧化酶的酶活性都较清耕有显著或极显著提高;各处理酶活性也以夏季最高、秋季次之,春季再次,冬季最低。2004年刈割覆盖、刈割压埋两处理蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性较2003年有显著或极显著增加,畜粪还园、清耕两处理三种酶活性两年间差异很小。经相关性分析还发现,纤维分解菌除与脲酶相关性不显著外,它与其余的酶均显著或极显著正相关;硅酸盐细菌与所有的酶均极显著正相关。     

不同时期施用生物炭对稻田N_2O和CH_4排放的影响

通过分别在水稻季(R)和小麦季(W)设置对照(RB0-N0、WB0-N0)、单施氮肥(RB0-N1、WB0-N1)、20 t hm-2生物炭与氮配施(RB1-N1、WB1-N1)、40 t hm-2生物炭与氮配施(RB2-N1、WB2-N1)等8个处理,研究稻麦轮作周年系统N2O和CH4排放规律及其引起的综合温室效应(Global warming potential,GWP)和温室气体强度(Greenhouse gas intensity,GHGI)特征。结果表明:稻季配施20 t hm-2生物炭对N2O和CH4的排放、作物产量及GWP和GHGI均都无明显影响;稻季配施40 t hm-2生物炭能显著降低8.6%的CH4的排放和9.3%的GWP,显著增加作物产量17.2%。麦季配施20 t hm-2生物炭虽然对温室气体及GWP影响不明显,但显著增加21.6%的作物产量,从而显著降低21.7%的GHGI;麦季配施40 t hm-2生物炭能显著降低20.9%和11.3%的N2O和CH4排放,显著降低15.7%和23.5%的GWP和GHGI。因此麦季配施生物炭对减少N2O和CH4的排放、增加稻麦轮作产量及降低GWP和GHGI的效果较稻季配施生物炭效果更好。     

藜蒿食用品质的影响因素探讨

藜蒿又名芦蒿、香艾蒿.菊科,蒿属,系多年生草本植物,主要以嫩茎作为食用器官,其茎秆清香、鲜美、脆嫩可口.藜蒿含有大量的矿质元素及蛋白质、碳水化合物、粗纤维、胡萝卜素与维生素等,具有较高的营养价值与药用价值.     

液压挖掘机自动控制系统的设计和实现

为了提高液压挖掘机操纵系统自动化程度，对WY1.5型液压挖掘机的液压系统进行电液比例控制改造，在不改变原手动操纵系统功能的基础上，增设一套自动操纵系统，基于移动车辆控制器编程实现对挖掘机的自动控制。对改造后的液压挖掘机自动控制操纵系统进行试验，结果表明改造后自动操纵系统能够完成手动操纵系统的全部控制功能，运行稳定。     

实蝇DNA提取方法的比较

在实蝇的口岸检疫鉴定工作中，主要以成虫的外部形态特征作为分类依据，而口岸截获的往往是幼虫或卵，通常的做法是对其进行室内饲养待获得成虫后再进行鉴定。这样的检疫周期太长，并且不利于对世界或某一区域实蝇种群结构的了解。分子生物学技术可以弥补传统方法的不足，能快速、准确和灵敏地检测出实蝇种类，揭示其种群间的亲缘关系并提早制定相应的防治方法。本实验比较了5种实蝇基因组DNA提取方法，并进一步用RAPD技术快速鉴定其种类。     

大豆卵磷脂分离纯化工艺的研究进展

大豆卵磷脂是以大豆油脚为原料提炼的卵磷脂,含有胆碱、维生素、矿物质、亚麻酸及次亚麻酸等成分,具有多种生理功能,并在许多领域内得到了广泛的应用。然而由于技术原因,高纯度卵磷脂的生产仍存在一定的技术障碍,阻碍了其在医药等领域的推广应用。为此,对近年来大豆卵磷脂分离纯化工艺的研究进展做一简要综述和分析,以期为高纯度大豆卵磷脂的研究与应用提供参考。     

Recent Advances in the Enhancement of Agroecosystem Services and Functioning by Cotton-based Intercropping Systems

Cotton-based intercropping systems are one of modern agriculture farming systems aiming at improving overall economic profitability of cotton field, which not only release the competition for land between other crops and cotton and increase growing area and yield of both crops, but also represent a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and biodiversity conservation. Recently, cotton-based intercropping systems have been widely focused and applied. Here, we reviewed the potential of cotton-based intercropping systems to reinforce agroecosystem services and functioning, including promoted plant biodiversity, improved overall productivity and economic profits, increased light use efficiency, improved cotton quality, reduced pest and disease occurrence, and suppressed weed growth. Further, the underlying mechanisms behind the enhancement of agroecosystem services and functioning by cotton-based intercropping systems through niche complementarity, interspecific facilitation, and allelopathy between intercropped species were summarized in the paper. Finally, the research prospects were also pointed out.